ABSTRACT
Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue generar una versión corta del Inventario de Cinco Continuos de la Personalidad (ICCP; de la Iglesia y Castro Solano, 2021). Para ello se analizó una muestra de 2 183 adultos de población general de edad promedio de 39.04 años (DE = 14.18; 51.95 % mujeres, 47.64 % varones, 0.41 % otro). Se obtuvo una versión corta de 55 elementos que cumplían con los criterios de calidad interna, externa y de juicio esperados. Los elementos resultaron claros, no redundantes y altamente correlacionados con la puntuación total de la escala a la que pertenecían (entre .89 y .96). Además, la estructura factorial de diez rasgos de la personalidad presentó un buen ajuste y buena consistencia interna. Las correlaciones entre las versiones cortas de las escalas y las largas fueron todas positivas y altas (entre .89 y .96). Además, los análisis de asociación con los criterios externos resultaron como se esperaba: los rasgos patológicos correlacionaron de manera directa con la presencia de sintomatología psicológica (entre .26 y .64) y de manera inversa con el bienestar (-.18 y -.43); los rasgos positivos y los índices de ajuste correlacionaron de manera inversa con la presencia de sintomatología psicológica (entre -.09 y -.53) y de manera directa con el bienestar (entre .11 y .44). Se concluye que la versión corta del ICCP resulta ser una medida psicométrica apropiada y se sugiere su uso para el ámbito de investigación o para instancias de rastrillaje en el ámbito aplicado.
Abstract This research aimed at developing a short version of the Five Continua Personality Inventory (FCPI; de la Iglesia y Castro Solano, 2021). The FCPI is a 120 item measure that operationalizes the Dual Personality Model (DPM). The DPM proposes that personality traits may and must be assessed in their pathological and positive aspects conjointly. DPM is based on the notion of traits conceived as dimensional and in the notion of continuum of traits. These two pillars allow to study the degree of presence of each trait (dimensionally) and their pathological and positive aspects (continuum). Pathological traits included in the model are negative affect, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition and psychoticism. Positive traits are serenity, humanity, integrity, moderation and sprightliness. An assessment of this kind would provide a notion of the total personality adjustment that considers both aspects of the phenomenon as well as an integrated view of personality functioning as a whole, in contrast to a dissociated one. The strengths of the DPM are: (1) the integrated view of personality that includes healthy and pathological aspects simultaneously; (2) the use of dimensional measures in contrast of categories; and (3) its link to current diagnostic nosologies (DSM-5). Since the FCPI could be considered too long for many instances of psychological assessment, the development of a shorter version could provide a more versatile measure. Shorter versions of this type of instruments are recommended for long research surveys and longitudinal studies since they would prevent the undesirable effect than long scales have on attrition rates or attention levels. To develop a shorter version three main aspects were considered: (1) the characteristics of the items that can be assessed by studying their association with each other (internal item qualities); (2) the correlation of the new instrument with other variables or indicators (external item qualities); and (3) the properties that exceed statistical analyses, such as clarity, non-redundancy, invasiveness and "face" validity (judgmental item qualities). Sample was composed of 2 183 adults of the general population with a mean age of 39.04 (SD = 14.18; 51.95 % female, 47.64 % male, 0.41 % other). A shorter version was obtained which had 55 items that met the internal, external and judgement quality criteria expected. Selected elements were clear, non-redundant and had a high correlation with the total score of the scale they belonged to (between .89 and .96). In addition, evidence of the ten-trait personality model (five pathological traits and five positive traits) was obtained by means of a confirmatory factor analysis since the structure showed an excellent fit. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach, ordinal and Omega alphas and their values were as expected and also indicated a good psychometric functioning of the scale. Associations between the long version and the short version of each scale were all positive and strong (between .89 and .96). Additionally, correlation analyses with external criteria resulted as expected: pathological traits were positively associated with psychological symptoms (between .26 and .64) and negatively associated with well-being (between -.18 and -.43); positive traits and adjustment indexes were negatively related to psychological symptoms (between -.09 and -.53) and positively related to well-being (between .11 and .44). An interesting result is that, when compared with the ten individual traits, indexes had stronger associations with psychological symptoms and well-being. It is possible that these combined measures have greater explanatory power since they provide an integrated view of personality in contrast to a disaggregated assessment. It is concluded that the short version of the FCPI meets the three criteria sought and it is an appropriate psychometric measure and it is suggested to be used for research purposes or for screening assessments in the applied fields.
ABSTRACT
Probablemente uno de los mayores retos a la hora de abordar la ansiedad sea delimitar adecuadamente aquello que el constructo abarca. El propósito de este trabajo es realizar una revisión del constructo ansiedad desde la psicología, con el fin de contribuir a su delimitación. En primer lugar, se examina el origen del término ansiedad y se lo discrimina de otros términos coincidentes o estrechamente relacionados como angustia, miedo y estrés. A continuación, se realiza un recorrido histórico sobre el concepto ansiedad y su evolución en la psicología hasta arribar a las conceptualizaciones multidimensionales. Finalmente, adoptando como marco teórico la teoría cognitiva de la ansiedad (Clark & Beck, 2012), se delimita el constructo y se realiza una diferenciación entre ansiedad normal, ansiedad como rasgo de personalidad y ansiedad patológica.
One of the greatest challenges when dealing with anxiety is to adequately define what this construct encompasses. The purpose of this work is to review the construct of anxiety from the viewpoint of psychology, in order to contribute to its delimitation. In the first place, the origin of the term is examined and discriminated from other closely related or coinciding terms such as anguish, fear, and stress. In the second place, it is carried out a historical review of anxiety as a concept and its evolution in psychology up to multidimensional conceptualizations. Finally, by adopting the cognitive theory of anxiety as a theoretical framework (Clark & Beck, 2012), the construct is delimited and a distinction is made among normal anxiety, pathological anxiety, and anxiety as a personality trait.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety/psychology , PsychologyABSTRACT
Se presenta la adaptación lingüística y psicométrica del Inventario de Respuestas de Afrontamiento para Jóvenes (Moos, 1993, 1995), realizada sobre una muestra de estudiantes de nivel medio y universitario, residentes en dos regiones de la Argentina: las ciudades de Buenos Aires y de San Miguel de Tucumán. El instrumento original, en inglés, fue traducido al español y adaptado a modismos locales, siendo luego evaluado por jueces expertos. Se efectuó, también, una administración piloto que permitió refinar la depuración preliminar. A continuación se calcularon diversos análisis psicométricos, evaluándose la homogeneidad de los elementos, examinándose evidencias de validez de constructo mediante la consecución de un estudio factorial exploratorio, y estudiándose, finalmente, su consistencia interna. Se obtuvo así, un instrumento abreviado constituido por 22 reactivos agrupados en cuatro dimensiones que evalúan el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento por aproximación y por evitación del problema, de un modo cognitivo y conductual.
The paper describes the psychometric adaptation of the Coping Responses Inventory - Youth Form - (Moos, 1993, 1995) made from a sample of high school and college students from two regions of Argentina: Buenos Aires City and San Miguel de Tucumán City. The original version was translated from English to Spanish, and then adapted to the local speaking. Afterwards, it was evaluated by expert judges. A pilot administration was conducted, ending the preliminary item depuration. Finally, a psychometric analysis was performed, studying test homogeneity, examining construct validity evidences from an exploratory factor study, and calculating internal consistency. These procedures resulted in a shorter 22-item-instrument, composed of four dimensions to measure coping strategies by approximation and by avoidance of the problem, each one in a cognitive and behavioral way.